DERECZYN, BELORUSSIAN S.S.R., EINSATZGRUPPEN MASSACRE OF THE JEWS

Mobile killing units of the German Army during WWII.


On the eve of World War II, there were ca. 4,000 Jews living in Dereczyn. In September 1939, the town was seized by the Red Army and subsequently annexed to the Soviet Union. 


The Germans entered the town on 25 July 1941. The Jewish population from local towns and villages was deported to Dereczyn. All “useless” Jews were locked up in the ghetto set up in the town, while craftsmen initially lived outside the Jewish quarter. When rumors of the murder of Jews in the neighboring town of Słonim reached Dereczyn, the local Jews started to consider escaping to the nearby forests. 


However, the plan met with objections from “useful” Jews, who believed that their work for the Germans would save the lives of all Jewish people, while an attempted escape would only bring bloody repressions. Young Jews organized an underground movement in the ghetto with the aim of organizing an escape and armed resistance, if necessary. 


A group of underground activists smuggled weapons from a German warehouse – twenty pistols and machine guns with ammunition – which they hid outside the town. In the spring of 1942, the partisan movement became more active. Its members organized attacks on the German military police post in Kolinka and the labour camp in Puzewicze. The Jews held in the Dereczyn Ghetto were hoping that the partisans would soon reach their town.


 In July 1942, the first Jews escaped from the ghetto and went into hiding in the forest. On 24 July 1942, the Germans carried out an Aktion in the ghetto. Ca. 300 Jews escaped from the quarter and went to previously prepared hideouts in the forest. Several escapees became well-known partisans, for example Eliasz Lipszowicz. Ca. 100 Jews from Dereczyn lived to see the end of the war (the town was liberated in mid-July 1944).


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